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Menopause: a new chapter in a woman's life
Introduction:
Menopause, although often treated as the end of one stage, is in fact the beginning of a new chapter in every woman's life. It is an inevitable transition that typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, marking the end of fertility. However, menopause is not only a physical change, but also an emotional one that requires understanding, acceptance and a positive approach.
In this article, we will take a closer look at this natural process, explore its symptoms and practical applications, and share ways to cope with this unique stage of life. Menopause isn't just about hot flashes and insomnia - it's also a time of discovering new aspects of yourself, celebrating life and adapting to a new chapter. Let's prepare together to meet menopause as an opportunity for growth and new life experiences.
Menopause - what is it?
Menopause is a natural and unavoidable stage in a woman's life, marking the end of her ability to reproduce. The term refers to the moment when a woman stops menstruating for at least 12 consecutive months. Typically, menopause occurs in middle age, usually between the ages of 45 and 55, although it can also occur earlier or later.
It is a process that results from the body's natural aging and hormonal changes. The main sex hormones responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle are estrogen and progesterone. During menopause, their production gradually decreases, leading to a variety of physical and emotional symptoms.
Premenopausal period
The peri-menopausal period, also known as perimenopause, is the stage preceding menopause itself. It is the time when a woman's body gradually goes through hormonal changes, leading to the end of menstrual periods. Perimenopause usually begins several years before menopause and can last from several years to several months. This is an important period because this is when a woman experiences the first symptoms of hormonal changes.
Menopause - causes
Menopause is the result of the natural aging process of the female body, which affects the function of the ovaries and the production of sex hormones. The main cause of menopause is a reduction in the number of ovaries and a decrease in ovarian reserve, which leads to a gradual decrease in the production of estrogen and progesterone. Below are the main causes of menopause:
1. depletion of ovarian reserve:
At birth, a woman has about one million ovarian follicles, containing unmatched eggs. As time passes, this number decreases, and with it the ovarian reserve also decreases. When the number of ovaries and follicles drops to a certain minimum, menopause occurs.
2 Decrease in the production of sex hormones:
The ovaries produce two key sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone. As the body ages and the ovarian reserve decreases, the production of these hormones gradually declines. This decrease in sex hormones is the main cause of the physical and emotional symptoms of menopause.
3 Physiological changes of the ovaries:
As the ovaries age, physiological changes also occur. Egg cells become more resistant to hormone stimulation, which affects menstrual cycles and egg quality.
4 Genetics:
Genetic conditions can affect the age at which a woman will go through menopause. If a mother or sister went through menopause early, it is more likely that a woman will also have a similar course.
5 Surgical removal of ovaries:
If both ovaries are removed by surgery (oophorectomy), menopause occurs immediately, regardless of the woman's age. Removal of one ovary can affect hormonal balance, but does not always lead to menopause.
6 Oncological treatment:
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy, used to treat cancer, can also affect ovarian function and hasten the onset of menopause.
How does menopause begin?
The onset of menopause, also known as perimenopause, can be preceded by a variety of symptoms that signal impending hormonal changes. It is important to notice these signals so that a woman can consciously prepare for this stage. Below are some common symptoms that indicate the onset of perimenopause:
1. irregular menstrual cycles:
Changes in the regularity of the menstrual cycle are one of the most common first signs of perimenopause. Cycles may become shorter or longer, as well as more irregular.
2. hot flashes:
A sudden feeling of hotness, often involving the face and upper body, can be one of the first symptoms of perimenopause. Hot flashes can be intense and occur at night (called nocturnal hot flashes), affecting sleep quality.
3 Insomnia:
Hormonal changes can affect the quality of sleep, leading to difficulty falling asleep, frequent waking at night and general sleep disturbance.
4. mood changes:
Mood swings, irritability and sometimes feelings of depression or anxiety are often observed during perimenopause. Hormonal changes affect emotional balance.
5 Vaginal dryness:
A decline in estrogen levels can lead to vaginal dryness and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
6. weight changes:
Some women experience weight changes, especially in the abdominal area, which may be related to hormonal changes.
7. Concentration problems:
Difficulty focusing, memory problems and a general feeling of distraction can occur during perimenopause.
8. changes in libido:
Some women notice a decrease in libido due to a drop in estrogen levels.
It is worth noting that perimenopause symptoms can vary between women, both in type and intensity.
Menopause - treatment
Treatment of menopause can include a variety of approaches, depending on the individual patient's symptoms and needs. It is worth noting that menopause is a natural process, not a disease, so treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. The following are some treatments for menopause:
1. hormone therapy (HT):
Hormone therapy, also known as hormone therapy, is one of the most effective ways to relieve the symptoms of menopause. It involves administering hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone, to compensate for the decline in their production. Hormone therapy can be used in the form of pills, patches, creams or vaginal inserts. However, before a woman decides on this form of treatment, it is worth consulting a doctor to discuss the potential benefits and risks, especially in terms of possible side effects and associated risks.
2 Supportive medications:
There are other medications that can be used to relieve menopausal symptoms. These include SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) drugs, which are mainly used to treat depression, but can also be effective in relieving hot flashes. Other medications, such as antihistamines, can be used to relieve the symptoms of hot flashes.
3. supplements and herbal preparations:
Some women choose to use dietary supplements and herbal preparations, such as red clover extract, ginseng or evening primrose, as an alternative way to relieve menopausal symptoms. However, before taking any supplements, it is always advisable to consult a doctor to avoid possible interactions with other medications and to ensure safety.
4 Lifestyle changes:
A healthy lifestyle can also help alleviate menopausal symptoms. Incorporating healthy foods into your diet, getting regular physical activity, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption can all contribute to your overall well-being.
5 Psychological consultation:
For emotional difficulties, such as depression or menopause-related anxiety, psychological help can be an effective support. Talking to a therapist can help you cope with the emotional aspects of this period of life.
It is always important to consult a doctor before deciding on menopause treatment.
Risks of hormone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HTZ) is a menopause treatment in which a woman takes hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, to relieve symptoms associated with sex hormone deficiency. Although HTZ can provide relief from hot flashes, decreased bone density and other menopausal symptoms, it is accompanied by certain risks and potential side effects that are worth considering before starting this type of therapy. Below I outline the main risks associated with hormone replacement therapy:
1. increased risk of breast cancer:
Studies suggest that long-term use of hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. This aspect is particularly important, especially in women who have had previous breast cancer or have risk factors associated with the disease.
2 Increased risk of thrombosis:
HTZ can increase the risk of blood clotting, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or pulmonary embolism. This risk is higher in women who smoke tobacco and in those with additional risk factors such as obesity or cardiovascular disease.
3 Increased risk of cardiovascular disease:
HTZ use has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in women older than 60.
4. Increased risk of stroke:
Studies suggest that long-term use of HTZ may increase the risk of stroke.
5. Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis:
Hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis, a serious health risk.
6. side effects:
The use of HTZ can cause various side effects, such as weight gain, breast tenderness, headaches, and mood changes.
7 Need for monitoring:
Women using HTZ should undergo regular medical checks to monitor potential side effects and adjust hormone dosage as needed.
Therefore, the decision to take hormone replacement therapy should be well thought out and discussed with a doctor. Your doctor can assess the individual risks and benefits for you, taking into account your health, medical history and risk factors.
Phytoestrogens
Yes, phytohormones, also known as plant estrogens, are chemicals found naturally in plants that have structural similarities to estrogens, hormones produced in animals, including humans. Plant estrogens are called phytoestrogens because they act similarly to estrogens, but have less intense effects in the body.
The most important classes of phytoestrogens are isoflavones, lignans and coumestans. Here are some sources of plant estrogens:
1. soybeans:
Soy products, such as tofu, tempeh, soy milk and edamame, contain isoflavones, mainly genistein and daidzein. Soy is one of the best-known sources of phytoestrogens and is often used in diets aimed at alleviating menopausal symptoms.
2 Red clover:
Red clover flowers contain isoflavones, especially formononetin and biochanin. Red clover is sometimes used as a natural remedy to relieve menopausal symptoms.
3. immaculate
Immaculata, also known as snapdragon, is a plant in the light family. Its fruits are used for medicinal purposes. The plant is known for its potential in regulating hormones, especially by affecting the balance between estrogen and progesterone in the body.
4 Clustered spittlebush
Staphylococcus is an American herb that was traditionally used by American Indians to treat various ailments, including problems related to the female reproductive system. Stinkweed has become popular in the context of relieving menopausal symptoms.
Plant estrogens can act in the body in several ways. Although their effects are weaker than those of natural estrogens, they can competitively bind to estrogen receptors, affect hormonal balance and have some effect in alleviating symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness.
Dietary supplements in alleviating menopause
Dietary supplements can be used as part of a comprehensive approach to alleviating menopause symptoms. However, before you start taking any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your doctor to customize dosage and avoid potential interactions with other medications. Here are some supplements that are often considered in the context of menopause treatment:
1. vitamin D:
Vitamin D is important for healthy bones and can also affect mood and overall well-being. Since older people, including menopausal women, may have lower levels of vitamin D, supplementation may be beneficial.
2 Calcium:
Calcium is essential for healthy bones, and menopausal women are more likely to lose bone mass. Calcium supplementation combined with vitamin D can support bone health.
3) Magnesium:
Magnesium plays a role in mood regulation and can help relieve symptoms of stress and tension, which can be intensified during menopause.
4. omega-3 fatty acids:
Supplements of omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil, can help maintain a healthy heart, and may also affect overall mental health.
5. evening primrose (evening primrose oil):
Biennial evening primrose is a source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is a precursor to prostaglandins, biologically active substances. Some women use evening primrose oil in hopes of relieving hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms.
6 Fenugreek:
Fenugreek is a plant whose seeds are rich in phytoestrogens, chemicals that structurally resemble estrogen. These can help relieve menopausal symptoms.
7 Soybeans:
Soy products, such as tofu and soy drinks, contain phytoestrogens called isoflavones. These can act similarly to estrogen in the body and help relieve hot flashes.
8 Melatonin:
Melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness, can help improve sleep quality, which is important during menopause, when sleep problems are common.
9. coenzyme Q10:
Coenzyme Q10 is a substance that acts as an antioxidant and can help maintain overall body performance.
Summary
Menopause is a natural stage in a woman's life, associated with the biological aging of the body. Although menopause cannot be avoided, there are various strategies for managing its symptoms and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to ease the transition through this stage. If you have severe symptoms or concerns about menopause, it's always a good idea to consult your doctor, who can recommend appropriate management and treatment options.
Bibliography
Northrup, C. (2012). "The Wisdom of Menopause: Creating Physical and Emotional Health and Healing During the Change." Bantam.
Lovejoy, N. (2019). "The Menopause Guidebook: Helping women navigate the journey of perimenopause and menopause with confidence and ease." Independently published.
Eden, D., & Tagliaferri, M. (2015). "The Power of Your Other Hand, Revised Edition: Unlock Creativity and Inner Wisdom through the Right Brain Left Brain Whole Brain Approach." Hay House Inc.
Glenville, M. (2011). "The Natural Solutions to Menopause." Macmillan.
Ewbank, D. C., & Meldrum, D. R. (Eds.). (2000). "The Menopause." Academic Press.
Wurn, B. F., Wurn, L. J., King, C. R., Heuer, M. A., & Roscow, A. S. (2004). "Treating Female Infertility and Improving IVF Outcomes with Manual Physical Therapy." MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine, 6(2), 51.